FAMILY – SOLANACEAE
SOIL - Loamy soil rich in organic matter. PH ranges
from 6.5-7.5
SOWING SEASON – May – June & November- December
HEALTH BENEFITS
The lycopene in tomatoes is thought to play a role in preventing cancer.
It's easier for the body to use lycopene that comes from tomato products, such as tomato paste or tomato juice, than from fresh tomatoes.
People use tomatoes for diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, osteoarthritis, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
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VARIETIES |
PKM1 |
CO.1 |
CO.2 |
CO.3 |
PAIYUR 1 |
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Introduced Year |
NA |
1969 |
1974 |
1980 |
1992 |
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|
Description |
It’s an
induced mutant from Annanj |
Reselection
from Kalyanpur. |
Selection
from Russian introduction |
It’s an
induced mutant from CO.1 |
It’s a
crossing between Pusaruby and CO.3 |
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|
Fruit Size |
Flat round with a prominent green shoulder |
round without any grooves and crimson red colour |
Fruits are flat-shaped with an average weight of 50 - 60g |
Round shape |
Fruits are medium long, ovate with yellow-green |
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|
Yield |
30-35
tonnes/hectare |
25
tonnes/hectare |
28-30
tonnes/hectare |
40
tonnes/hectare |
30
tonnes/hectare |
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|
Crop Duration |
135 days |
135 days |
145 days |
100 -105 days |
120 - 125 days |
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Seed
Rate |
300 – 350
g/ha |
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Spacing |
60*45cm |
45*30cm |
45*30cm |
45*30cm |
60*45cm |
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|
Manuring (Basal
dose) |
FYM 25
t/ha, NPK 75:100:50 kg / ha, Borax 10 kg,Zinc sulphate 50 kg / ha |
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|
Manuring (Top Dressing) |
75 kg N/ha on 30th day of planting or during
earthing up |
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|
HYBRIDS |
COTH.1 |
COTH.2 |
TANU |
|
|
Introduced Year |
1998 |
2006 |
NA |
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|
Description |
Fruits are
acidic |
It’s a hybrid between LCR 2 and
CLN 2123A. Highly resistant to leaf curl
virus disease.
|
It’s a hybrid between HN 2 x
CLN 2123A.
Highly resistant to leaf curl
virus disease and moderately resistant to root-knot nematode.
|
|
|
Fruit Size |
Round, medium-sized |
Round to slightly oblong, medium-sized |
Round, medium-sized, and born
in clusters of 3-5 |
|
|
Yield |
95.9 tonnes/hectare |
90.2
tonnes/hectare |
96.2
tonnes/hectare |
|
|
Crop Duration |
115 days |
125 days |
140 - 145 days |
|
|
Seed
Rate |
100 – 150
g/ha |
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|
Spacing |
60*45cm |
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|
Manuring (Basal
dose) |
FYM 25
t/ha, NPK 50:250:100 kg/ha Borax 10
kg, Zinc sulphate 50 kg/ha, Copper sulphate 3.75kg/ha |
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|
Manuring (Top Dressing) |
N and K each 150 kg/ha in 3 equal splits at 30, 45 and
60 days after planting. |
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Foliar
Spray |
0.3% Boric
acid at flowering and 10 days later |
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NURSERY BED PREPARATION
Apply FYM 10kg, neem cake 1kg, VAM 50g, enriched Superphosphate 100g and Fu radon 10g per sqm before sowing.
Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride 4g or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10g or Carbendazim 2g/kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing.
Just before sowing, treat the seeds with Azospirillum @ 40g/400g of seeds.
Sow in lines 10cm apart in raised nursery beds and cover with sand.
Prepare the nursery area of 3 cents with a slanting slope of 2% for the seedling production to cover 1 ha.
Cover the nursery area with the 50% shade net and cover the sides using a 40/50 mesh insect-proof nylon net.
From raised beds of 1m width and convenient length, place HDPV pipes at 2m intervals for further protection with polythene sheets during rainy months.
Mix sterilized cocopeat @ 300kg with 5kg neem cake along with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria each @ 1kg.
Approximately 1.2kg of cocopeat is required to fill one portray. 238 portrays are required to produce 23,334 seedlings, which are required for 1ha adopting a spacing of 90x60x60 cm in paired row system.
Sow the well-treated seeds in portray @ 1 seed/cell.
Cover the seeds with cocopeat and keep the trays one above the other and cover with a polythene sheet till germination starts.
After 6 days, place the portrays with germinated seeds individually on the raised beds inside the shade net.
Water with rose can every day and drench with 19:19:19 @ 0.5% at 18 days after sowing.
Plough the land to a fine tilth.
Prepare the field with the addition of FYM@ 25tonnes/ha, Spacing of 60cm.
Apply 2kg/ha of Azospirillum and 2kg/ha of Phosphobacteria by mixing with 50kg of FYM.
Irrigate the furrows and transplant 25 days old seedlings on the sides of ridges.
Life irrigation is to be given on 3rd day of planting
MULCHING:
Mulch with black low-density polyethene sheets of 25-micron thickness.
Then burying both the ends into the soil to a depth of 10cm.
WEED CONTROL:
Apply Pendimethalin 1.0kg a.i./ha or Fluchloralin 1.0kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence herbicide, followed by hand weeding once at 30 days after planting.
IRRIGATION:
After the emergence of seedlings, irrigate at weekly intervals.
LAYOUT AND PLANTING FOR DRIP IRRIGATION & FERTIGATION:
Apply FYM @ 25 t / ha as basal before the last ploughing.
Apply 2 kg/ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg/ha of Phosphobacteria by mixing with 50 kg of FYM.
Apply 75 % total recommended dose of superphosphate i.e 1172 kg/ha as basal.
Install the drip irrigation with main and sub-main pipes and place lateral tubes at an interval of 1.5 m.
Place the drippers in lateral tubes at an interval of 60 cm and 50 cm spacing with 4 LPH and 3.5 LPH capacities respectively.
Form raised beds of 120 cm in width at an interval of 30 cm and place the laterals at the centre of each bed.
Before planting, wet the beds using a drip system for 8-12 hrs.
Planting is to be done at a spacing of 90 x 60 x 60 cm in the paired row system, using ropes marked at 60 cm spacing.
Spray Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i. / ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i./ ha as a pre-emergence herbicide on 3the rd day after planting.
Gap filling has to be done on the 7th day after transplanting.
GROWTH REGULATORS
Spray 1.25 ppm (625 ml in 500 litres of water) Triacontanol for 15 days after transplanting and at the full bloom stage to increase the yield.TRAINING OF HYBRIDS
Stake the plants 30 days after planting with 1 - 1.5 m tall stakes.
Remove the side branches up to 20 cm from ground level.
Foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5 per cent thrice at 10 days interval from 40 days after planting.
Spray 19:19:19 + Mn @ 1 % at 60 days after planting.
0.3% Boric acid at flowering and 10 days later.
PLANT PROTECTION
Fruit borer: Helicoverpa armigera
Grow simultaneously by planting 40 days old American tall marigolds and 25 days old tomato seedlings @ 1:16 rows.
Set up pheromone traps @ 12/ha.
Collect and destroy damaged fruits and grown-up caterpillars.
Release Trichogramma chilonis @ 1 lakh/ha at an interval of 7 days starting from the flower initiation stage.
Spray HaNPV 1.5 x 1012 POBs/ha
Spray Azadirachtin 1.0 % EC (10000 ppm) 2.0 ml/ lit. or apply Bacillus thuringiensis 2g/lit. during evening hours.
Spray any one of the following
Spodoptera litura :
Grow castor as a trap crop.
Collect and destroy egg masses and early instar larvae
Set up pheromone traps @ 12/ha.
Spray SlNPV 1.5 x 1012 POBs/ha
Spray Azadirachtin 1.0 % EC
(10000 ppm) 2.0 ml/ lit. or apply Bacillus thuringiensis 2g/lit. during
evening hours.
Serpentine leaf miner
Spray Neem Seed Kernel Extract 5
%.
Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD
1.8ml/lit.
Pin worm
Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD
1.8ml/lit.
Aphid:
Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD
1.8ml/lit.
Dimethoate 30 EC 6ml/10 lit
Thrips
Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD
1.8ml/lit.
Thiamethoxam 70 WS 6ml/10 lit.
Two-spotted
spider
Fenazaquin 10 EC 2.5ml/lit.
Mite
Spiromesifen 22.9 SC 1.25ml/lit.
Whitefly
Install yellow sticky traps @ 12
/ha to attract the adult
Remove alternate weed host Abutilon
indicum
Apply or spray any one of the
following insecticides
Nematode
Treat the seeds with antagonistic
fungus, Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg of seed along with pressmud @ 5kg/m2
or carbofuran 3G @ 10g /m2 for nematode disease complex.
Applying nematode-egg parasitic
fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum as seed treatment @ 10g/kg of seed
followed by soil application @ 50g/m2 reduced root knot nematode, Meloidogyne
incognita in tomato grown under polyhouse conditions.
Diseases
Damping off (nursery)
Treat the seeds with Trichoderma
asperellum @ 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds 24
hours before sowing
Apply P. fluorescens to
soil @ 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of FYM. Avoid stagnation of water. Drench with
copper oxychloride @ 2.5 g/l @ 4 l/sq.m.
CIB
recommendation
Treat the seeds with metalaxyl-M
31.8% ES @ 2ml/ kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing.
Leaf
spot
Spray zineb or mancozeb @ 2 g/l.
Tomato
early blight
Spray hexaconazole 5% SC @ 1ml/l
or propiconazole 25% EC @ 1 ml/l at 30 and 50 days after planting.
Fusarial
wilt and root knot nematode
Soil solarization before
preparation of nursery bed
Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds followed by nursery application of P. fluorescens @ 20 g/m2 ; seedling dip with P. fluorescens @ 5g/l and soil application of P. fluorescens @ 2.5 kg with 50 kg of FYM/ha at 30 days of transplanting
Leaf
curl
Install yellow sticky traps @ 12
/ha to attract the adult.
Remove alternate weed host Abutilon
indicum
Apply or spray carbofuran 3 CG@
40 kg /ha or dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 ml/l or malathion 50 EC @ 1.5 ml/ l or methyl
demeton 25 EC @ 1.0 ml/l or thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 4 ml/10 l or cyantraniliprole
10.26 OD @ 1.8 ml/l or I midacloprid 17.8 SL @ 3 ml/10l or spiromesifen 22.9 SC
@ 1.25 ml/l to control white fly vector
Tomato spotted wilt
Selection of healthy seedlings
for transplanting and rouging of PBNV infected plants up to 45 days of planting
Spray cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @
1.8 ml/l or thiamethoxam 70 WS @ 6ml/10 l to control thrips vector
IPM
Package for Tomato
Seed treatment with Pseudomonas
fluorescens @ 10g/kg of seeds
Nursery application with Trichoderma
viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens
Application of Neem cake @
250kg/ha
Soil application of Pseudomonas
fluorescens @ 2.5kg/ha
Selection of good and virus disease-free
seedlings for planting
Roguing out of virus-infected
plants up to 45 days after transplanting
Grow marigold as a border crop
Set up Helicoverpa / Spodoptera
pheromone traps @ 12 numbers / ha
Release
Trichogramma chilonis @ 50000/ha
Install yellow sticky traps
Spraying Neem formulations (1%) / Neem seed kernel extract